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Antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of all isolates
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Antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of all isolates

Journal: npj Antimicrobials and Resistance

Article Title: Genomic analysis of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli isolated from manure and manured agricultural grasslands

doi: 10.1038/s44259-025-00081-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of all isolates

Article Snippet: The E. coli ( n = 46) underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the EUCAST or CLSI disk diffusion method for susceptibility to cefotaxime (5 µg), imipenem (10 µg), amikacin (30 µg), kanamycin (30 µg), tetracycline (30 µg) and ciprofloxacin (5 µg) (Oxoid).

Techniques:

a Protocol of biofilm formation process and treatment of each polymicrobial biofilm condition and their monomicrobial controls. Inoculum size was 10 6 CFUs per mL for both t 0 and t 1 . Quantification of the biomass reduction of each microorganism (ΔLog CFUs per mL) after treatment with b Meropenem (MER) at 5 µg per mL, c Caspofungin (CAS) at 5 µg per mL, d Meropenem and caspofungin (MER + CAS) and e Meropenem, caspofungin and N-acetylcysteine at 1 mg per mL (MER + CAS + NAC). Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences among conditions in an Ordinary two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test (∗ p -value < 0.05; ∗∗ p -value < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p -value < 0.001 and ∗∗∗∗ p -value < 0.0001). Data is represented as the mean ± standard deviation from n = 4 biologically independent experiments. 1Pa2Ca= Biofilm formed with an initial inoculum of P. aeruginosa PAET1 followed by C. albicans addition 6 h later. CaPa = biofilm formed with an initial inoculum with both species. Ca = monomicrobial biofilm of C. albicans . Pa = monomicrobial biofilm of P. aeruginosa . Figure : Created in BioRender. Arevalo et al. (2025) https://BioRender.com/o97x107 .

Journal: Communications Biology

Article Title: Who arrived first? Priority effects on Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa dual biofilms

doi: 10.1038/s42003-025-07609-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Protocol of biofilm formation process and treatment of each polymicrobial biofilm condition and their monomicrobial controls. Inoculum size was 10 6 CFUs per mL for both t 0 and t 1 . Quantification of the biomass reduction of each microorganism (ΔLog CFUs per mL) after treatment with b Meropenem (MER) at 5 µg per mL, c Caspofungin (CAS) at 5 µg per mL, d Meropenem and caspofungin (MER + CAS) and e Meropenem, caspofungin and N-acetylcysteine at 1 mg per mL (MER + CAS + NAC). Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences among conditions in an Ordinary two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test (∗ p -value < 0.05; ∗∗ p -value < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p -value < 0.001 and ∗∗∗∗ p -value < 0.0001). Data is represented as the mean ± standard deviation from n = 4 biologically independent experiments. 1Pa2Ca= Biofilm formed with an initial inoculum of P. aeruginosa PAET1 followed by C. albicans addition 6 h later. CaPa = biofilm formed with an initial inoculum with both species. Ca = monomicrobial biofilm of C. albicans . Pa = monomicrobial biofilm of P. aeruginosa . Figure : Created in BioRender. Arevalo et al. (2025) https://BioRender.com/o97x107 .

Article Snippet: The antimicrobial susceptibility of polymicrobial biofilms according to the inoculation time of each species was assessed using the antibiotic meropenem (MER) at 5 µg per mL (Sharlab, S.L.), the antifungal caspofungin (CAS) at 5 µg per mL (Merck Life Science), and the mucolytic N-acetylcysteine (NAC) at 1 mg per mL (Sigma-Aldrich), as well as their combinations (MER + CAS, NAC + MER, NAC + CAS, MER + CAS + NAC).

Techniques: Comparison, Standard Deviation